Aníbal Carmelo Troilo (nicknamed “Pichuco”, slang for ‘crybaby’), born in Buenos Aires July 11, 1914, is among the few artists beloved by all. His music is highly regarded among artists and music aficionados, while also embraced by milongueros, dance performers, and the general public.
If you walk through the Abasto market in Buenos Aires today, you are likely to see pictures of Troilo playing his bandoneón. If you were to have strolled through the same market in the mid‑1920s, you might have seen a skinny boy seated on a wooden crate, his head bowed over a second‑hand bandoneón he begged his mother to buy for him. She was paying for it in fourteen installments, though when the shopkeeper died after the fourth payment, the bandoneón stayed with the family and Troilo played it throughout the rest of his life.
At eleven, Troilo was already playing to shoppers near the Abasto market and accompanying silent films. By fourteen he had formed his own quintet and was absorbing the styles of seasoned musicians in ladies’ orchestras. “I’m not a musician,” he later joked, “I’m a tanguero.” Yet, his bandoneón would become the beating heart of the genre.
Troilo’s apprenticeship took him through the most inventive line‑ups of the day. In 1930 he joined the sextet of violinist Elvino Vardaro and pianist Osvaldo Pugliese (to whom we will dedicate the next month), sharing the bandoneón stand with the expressive Ciriaco Ortiz. Stints followed with Juan “Pacho” Maglio, Los Provincianos, Julio De Caro and even Juan D’Arienzo. These experiences honed his phrasing: a supple mix of staccato attack and legato sigh, delivered with eyes closed and chin bowed. When he finally launched his own orchestra in July 1937 at the Marabú cabaret, the tango world took notice; a poster promised that “Pichuco and his orchestra will make you dance nice tangos.”
Troilo would soon become one of the “Big Four”, offering dancers a third path between D’Arienzo’s relentless drive and Di Sarli’s polished elegance. His bandoneón breathed like a vocalist, his phrasing stretched and sighed, and his gift for pairing singers with arrangements made each recording feel like a conversation in the dark.
Elastic phrasing: the beat breathes; tempos stretch and contract without ever losing the dancers.
Bandoneón as storyteller: Troilo’s own instrument whispers and weeps in dialogue with the singer, rarely overplaying and often cradling the melody.
Singer at the centre: he chooses voices that match his mood—lyrical (Fiorentino), robust (Rivero), dramatic (Goyeneche)—and lets them lead.
Layered arrangements: subtle counterpoint between bandoneóns and violins, with the piano (first Orlando Goñi, later José Basso and others) providing a flowing marcación bordoneada rather than a rigid beat.
Mood over metronome: compared with D’Arienzo’s drive or Di Sarli’s polish, Troilo often opts for introspective tempos that invite a closer embrace and a deeper sigh.
The music we listen to is a result of the dual pull of the artists’ need for expression and the business need to turn a profit. These forces are apparent on Troilo’s first record, cut March 7, 1938. Troilo had formed his orchestra the previous summer, debuting at the Marabú cabaret in July 1937. The quality of the musicians cannot be overstated. The techniques and styles developed by Orlando Goñi (piano), Enrique ‘Kicho’ Díaz (double bass), David Díaz (violin), Francisco Fiorentino (vocals), and Troilo himself (bandoneón) are studied extensively by tango musicians today.
The music industry at the time was dominated by the two companies Victor and Odeon. Even though the musicians were of the highest quality, Victor only worked with established bands and so was unwilling to sign the new orchestra. Troilo therefore signed a three-year contract with Odeon. At the time, record executives were pushing fast, D’Arienzo‑style tempos, and were more interested in instrumentals than in vocals. Troilo chose Eduardo Arolas’ 1917 tango “Comme il faut”, a French expression meaning literally “as it should be“ or “properly”, paired it with Agustín Bardi’s “Tinta verde,” two instrumentals that moved briskly than the more leisurely speed the band played at the Marabú. Choosing these classic tango compositions signaled respect for the old guard, but the recordings were avant guard.
The 1938 take of “Comme il faut” begins with a syncopated 3‑3‑2 pattern, and you can hear Troilo’s bandoneón breathing between sharp staccato bursts and lyrical legato lines. Goñi anchors the compás with a pulsing left hand and fills melodic gaps with guitar‑like bordoneos. Listeners can already hear the expressive phrasing that would make Troilo a pillar of the golden age.
The recordings ended up being too avant guard for the time, and the record ended up being a financial flop. Odeon decided to not record another track with Troilo for the rest of their three year contract, which is why there is a noticeable gap in Troilo’s discography until he signed with Victor in 1941. While it is a tragic loss of what could have been recorded in this three year period, the bold artistic choices Troilo took gave us a powerful listening experience we can still appreciate today.
“Comme il faut” from March 1938:
Aníbal Troilo (left) and Francisco Fiorentino (right)
Troilo's debut record in 1938 was purely instrumental and commercially disappointing. But even though Odeon left him without recording opportunities for three years, his orchestra thrived live on the Marabú stage and Radio El Mundo.
In March 1941, Troilo signed with RCA Victor and he returned to the studio with a fresh label and a new idea of what a tango orchestra could be. By the time Victor opened its doors, he had three years of repertoire ready to go and a mature lineup that included bandoneonists Juan Miguel Rodríguez, Eduardo Marino, Marcos Troilo and a young Astor Piazzolla; violinists Hugo Baralis, David Díaz, Pedro Sapochnik and Reynaldo Nichele; bassist Kicho Díaz; singer Fiorentino and a men often considered the best pianist in tango history: Orlando Goñi.
At the March session they cut “Toda mi Vida,” “Yo Soy el Tango,” “Mano Brava” and “Cachirulo”: a burst of pent‑up creativity built during the hiatus. Among this line up was “Yo Soy el Tango,” his first sung tango on record. The piece, with music by Domingo Federico and lyrics by Homero Expósito, speaks about the tango itself. The lyrics reminds listeners that beneath the polish, tango keeps a rebel heartbeat and remembers its roots.
Troilo entrusted this monologue to Francisco Fiorentino, a singer he had honed on stage and who embodied the idea of a new type of singer: a vocalist integrated into the group rather than an afterthought.
Musically, “Yo Soy el Tango” opens with a long instrumental lead-in. Whereas the 1938 recordings have an almost nervous energy, “Yo Soy el Tango” keeps the compás calmer, letting the bandoneons breathe more between phrases. Goñi’s piano provides a flowing marcación bordoneada, and the violins draw a lyrical arc. While they keep the beat steady, the musicians vary the dynamics and volume, creating more complex rhythms than the driving almost metronome D’Arienzo sound popular at the time.
The orquestra plays the melodic lines much like Francisco Fiorentino sings, such that Fiorentino enters, his voice integrates seamlessly within the ensemble. This is the archetype of the ‘cantor de orquesta’, where the singer-orchestra combination is tightly synchronized, as opposed to the ‘estribillista’ style popular in the late 1930s where the singer simply adds a verse on top of the song. This change in the use of singers was pioneered by Troilo, and was soon widely adopted by leading bands.
“Yo Soy el Tango” from March 1941:
Soy el tango milongón
nacido en los suburbios malevos y turbios.
Hoy, que estoy en el salón,
me saben amansado, dulzón y cansado.
Pa' qué creer,
pa' qué mentir
que estoy cambiado,
si soy el mismo de ayer.
Escuchen mi compás
¿No ven que soy gotán?
Me quiebro en mi canción
como un puñal de acero
pa' cantar una traición.
Me gusta compadrear,
soy reo pa' bailar,
escuchen mi compás:
Yo soy el viejo tango
que nació en el arrabal.
Me gusta compadrear,
soy reo pa' bailar,
escuchen mi compás:
Yo soy el viejo tango
que nació en el arrabal.
I am the tango for the milonga
born in the tough and shady suburbs.
Today that I am in the dance hall,
you know me as tamed, oversweet and tired.
Why believe,
why lie
that I am changed
if I’m the same as yesterday?
Listen to my beat,
don’t you see that I am tango?
I bend within my song
like a steel dagger
singing about a betrayal.
I like to swagger,
I am lowdown when it comes to dancing,
listen to my beat:
I am the old tango
that was born in the suburbs.
I like to swagger,
I am easy when it comes to dancing,
listen to my beat:
I am the old tango
that was born in the suburbs.
We saw how Troilo introduced the singer Francisco Fiorentino as a true partner in his orchestra on his 1941 recording of “Yo Soy el Tango”. Less than a year later, “Malena” shows how quickly that partnership matured.
Written by orchestra leader and pianist Lucio Demare (yet another one on our list for a future month), “Malena” was allegedly written in less than 15 minutes from a poem by Homero Manzi. The song first surfaced in Demare’s own band and in the film “El viejo Hucha”.
Troilo must have heard its potential and, on 8 January 1942, took his orchestra into RCA Victor’s studio with Fiorentino at the microphone.
The result became more than just a hit; it became one of the definitive tangos of the Golden Age. A reference point for how an orchestra and singer could breathe as one.
Original arrangement of Malena, from the website Tango in Depth
In contrast to the self‑referential swagger of “Yo soy el tango,” this lyric speaks about a woman whose voice carries the scent of the suburbs and the ache of a bandoneón. Her identity remains a mystery: some point to Malena de Toledo, others to Nelly Omar, and Manzi himself suggested she was an invention. That ambiguity only deepened the song’s allure.
With “Malena,” Héctor María Artola becomes the first outside arranger to write for Troilo’s orchestra. Instinct yields to design: lines are carved cleanly, textures balance, and the music gains a deliberate, luminous control. While arrangements can give up some of the spontaneity of the improvised style, it allows for a new level of sophistication in composition.
Artola’s arrangement underscores this shift from proclamation to confession. Compared with the 1941 sessions, the tempo is slower, Orlando Goñi rocks a more gentle marcación bordoneada, and in the inner registers, the bandoneons shade the texture with low, velvety inner-voice lines, while Troilo’s phrasing stretches early notes and then releases them toward the cadence.
Fiorentino enters after a long instrumental introduction, his voice woven even more into the fabric than in the recordings before, epitomizing the cantor de la orquesta model. The success of “Malena” will pave way for later masterpieces like “Gricel” and confirm Fiorentino’s status as the archetypal orchestra singer. Its quiet intensity still invites dancers to feel the emotion, slow their steps, and listen for the sadness in the bandoneón’s sigh.
About three months later the group recorded a second take, which replaced the first on the original release and became the standard on LP and CD.
The contrasts are subtle but meaningful. The easiest tell comes around 1'25" in Fiorentino’s line: the familiar second take has‚ "con ese tono triste de la canción"; in the first take he sings‚ "con ese tono triste de callejón". Actually neither matching Homero Manzi’s manuscript (tono oscuro). We’ll upload the second, familiar take.
“Malena” from April 1942:
Malena canta el tango como ninguna
y en cada verso pone su corazón.
A yuyo del suburbio su voz perfuma,
Malena tiene pena de bandoneón.
Tal vez allá en la infancia su voz de alondra
con ese tono triste de la canción,
o acaso aquel romance que sólo nombra
cuando se pone triste con el alcohol.
Malena canta el tango con voz de sombra,
Malena tiene pena de bandoneón.
Tu canción tiene el frío del último encuentro.
Tu canción se hace amarga en la sal del recuerdo.
Yo no sé si tu voz es la flor de una pena,
sólo sé que al rumor de tus tangos,
Malena, te siento más buena,
más buena que yo.
Tus tangos son criaturas abandonadas
que cruzan sobre el barro del callejón,
cuando todas las puertas están cerradas
y ladran los fantasmas de la canción.
Malena canta el tango con voz quebrada,
Malena tiene pena de bandoneón.
Malena sings tango like no one else,
and in every verse she lays her heart.
Her voice is perfumed with the wild weed of the outskirts,
Malena has the sorrow of the bandoneón.
Perhaps back in childhood her lark-like voice
took on that alley-dark tone,
or else from that love affair she only names
when she grows sad with drink.
Malena sings tango with a shadowed voice,
Malena has the sorrow of the bandoneón.
Your song has the cold of the last meeting.
Your song turns bitter in the salt of memory.
I don’t know if your voice is the flower of a sorrow;
I only know that, at the murmur of your tangos, Malena, I feel you kinder,
kinder than I.
Your tangos are abandoned creatures
that cross through the alley’s mud,
when every door is closed
and the ghosts of song bark,
Malena sings tango with a broken voice,
Malena has the sorrow of the bandoneón.
Contursi and Gricel
In our tour of Troilo’s early years we’ve now already heard the bold sound of his debut Odeon sides with the instrumental “Comme il faut”, the swaggering self-portrait “Yo soy el tango” from his very first RCA-Victor session in 1941, and last week the velvety, inward pull of “Malena.”
So as you can see, Aníbal Troilo's orchestra has undergone unusually strong developments and changes in just a few years. These will continue throughout his career. We have therefore decided to split Troilo's output into two months. The second month will follow in the near future.
Ending this month on Troilo’s early output, this week’s piece fuses biography and music. The melody is by Mariano Mores and the lyric by José María Contursi, who, in the mid-1930s, fell for a teenager he met around Radio Stentor: Susana “Gricel” Viganó.
Their affair ended, but she became his lifelong muse. In 1942 he sent her a letter whose very words became the tango that bears her name.
Decades later, after her civil marriage had collapsed and he had been widowed, they married in Capilla del Monte in August 1967 and stayed together until his death.
The words of “Gricel” read as a tender apology: the singer admits he never deserved so pure a love (“tu ilusión fue de cristal”) and begs her not to forget him (“no te olvides de mí, de tu Gricel”)
Gricel from 1942:
No debí pensar jamás
en lograr tu corazón—
y sin embargo te busqué
hasta que un día te encontré
y con mis besos te aturdí
sin importarme que eras buena…
Tu ilusión fue de cristal,
se rompió cuando partí pues
nunca, nunca más volví…
¡Qué amarga fue tu pena!
“¡No te olvides de mí,
de tu Gricel!”
me dijiste al besar
el Cristo aquel
y hoy que vivo enloquecido
porque no te olvidé
ni te acuerdas de mí…
¡Gricel! ¡Gricel!
y hoy que vivo enloquecido
porque no te olvidé
ni te acuerdas de mí…
¡Gricel! ¡Gricel!
I should never have thought
to win your heart—
and yet I searched for you
until one day I found you,
and with my kisses I overwhelmed you,
not caring that you were good…
Your dream was made of glass;
it broke when I left,
for I never, never returned…
How bitter your sorrow was!
“Don’t forget me,
your Gricel!”
you said as you kissed
that crucifix,
and now I live half-mad
because I haven't forgotten you
you don't even remember me...
Gricel! Gricel!
and now I live half-mad
because I haven't forgotten you
you don't even remember me...
Gricel! Gricel!